Hi there,
As both yourself and @Daniel_Coglitore reasoned, the Stripe component was removed because it was preventing Thunkers from publishing their apps. And these apps didn’t even have a Stripe component in the first place!
Because so many apps were at risk of being affected, and comparatively few apps actually use the Stripe component, we decided the best thing to do would be to remove the component until we could resolve this behavior.
There isn’t an expected date for the Stripe component to be restored, but it is something that we are working on.