Theoretically in terms of size, I believe that the free available space in the device will be your limit.
Regarding the LocalDB, since the access to the rows is done by cell and row IDs, I don’t believe you will have significative performe issues with the data growth, but just in theory, because I never manipulated big volumes of data using these components.
What I learned by experience is regarding the JSON manipulation: is a little bit slow when searching for objects inside large structures (“get object properties” blocks), but is completely different approach to read data from the local tables.
And please, forget the local storage blocks, use stored variables instead.
But let’s wait if someone here can give a better contribution than mine, based on real cases.
Local Data (Local DB & Local Storage) don’t have any limits though airtable has a limit of 2500 rows per table. I’m not sure about sure about this, though.
Stored variables are slow. If you use them, make sure to assign an app variable to a stored variable’s value, then use the app variable throughout your project until you need to change the value of it. At that point, change the app variable and change the stored variable as well but keep using the app variable whenever possible.